
The Right Amount of AI for Learning
Welcome to Effective Habits, a weekly newsletter where I share evidence-based strategies and tools to help you live a happy, healthy, and productive life.
Today at a Glance:
39 (Or So) Lessons On The Way To 39
What Actually Matters for Muscle and Strength Gains?
We Need Guidelines for Learning and AI
“Learn to love the interruptions. Find the fun in the delay, the humor in the challenge, the pleasure in the daily commute.
A great deal of life is spent dealing with interruptions and waiting for the conditions to turn. We think, "If I can just get past this, then things will open up." But the interruption is not standing between you and your life. It is your life.
Yes, I prefer hassle-free days too. But you'll rarely find a situation that is all bad. There are little pockets of joy folded inside the annoyances we face. There is always fun to be had, if you go looking for it.
This is one of the arts of living. It's the art of enjoying the imperfect days. It's the art of making all the moments count.”

39 (Or So) Lessons On The Way To 39
Ryan Holiday
🔦Lights, Camera, ...
Birthdays make useful checkpoints—not because age automatically brings wisdom, but because reflection reveals both how much we’ve changed and how stubbornly certain patterns persist. After nearly two decades of recording annual lessons, Ryan Holiday approaching 40 reached a humbling conclusion: growth is real, but so is our ability to repeat the same mistakes without noticing until much later. The lessons that follow offer a chance to recognize those patterns sooner and respond more deliberately.
🎬Action!
Make deposits for your future self. Learning, research, exercise, and practice are gifts whose value often appears years later. Think of them like a bank account: you can’t make withdrawals from work you never deposited.
Write to become a better thinker. The real purpose of writing is not merely producing words—it is becoming the person on the other side of thinking carefully, questioning assumptions, and struggling to say what you mean. AI can generate an essay, but it cannot give you the growth that comes from writing it yourself.
Carry a book everywhere. Theodore Roosevelt observed that it is surprising how much reading can be done in time that would otherwise be wasted. A book turns delayed appointments, long lines, and quiet ten-minute gaps into something worthwhile.
Choose a challenge that defines your year. The modern Misogi is one ambitious, memorable undertaking that pushes you beyond your normal limits. Pick something significant enough that, decades from now, you’ll remember the year by it: “That was the year I ran a marathon, crossed a country, or finally attempted the thing I’d been postponing.”
Trade some news for timeless ideas. We consume more information than earlier civilizations could have imagined, yet much of it is obsolete by tomorrow. Spend less attention on the daily churn and more on history, literature, poetry, philosophy, and mythology. The stories may be old, but the human problems inside them are remarkably current.
Participate while your actions still matter. When you look back on difficult political or social periods, you probably won’t wish you had worked more—you’ll wish you had spoken more honestly, helped more people, and resisted what you believed was wrong. Act now in ways your future self can respect.
Find or build the support group you need. Everyone benefits from a circle of people who have faced similar struggles and can offer advice without requiring a lengthy explanation. If the right community doesn’t exist, create it. Chances are, others have been looking for it too.
Pay attention when life quietly improves. We notice new problems immediately, but improvements can become normal before we recognize them. The unreliable phone signal starts working, the nagging pain disappears, or a once-difficult task becomes easy—and life gets better without fanfare. Pause occasionally to notice what is no longer going wrong.
Ask what age your reaction belongs to. When you feel hurt, betrayed, or challenged, pause and ask whether the intensity of your response fits the situation. If it feels more like a frightened or furious child taking over, an old wound may be shaping the present. Recognize it, separate then from now, and let your adult self decide what to do next.
Protect the things that make success worth having. Greater achievement should not mean less time for your craft, less control over your schedule, or less freedom to enjoy your life. Don’t sacrifice time, autonomy, and happiness to prove you’ve made it—you may already possess the very riches you’re chasing. Step off any treadmill that takes more than it gives.

🔦Lights, Camera, ...
Fitness advice has never been more abundant—or more confusing. Every week brings a new diet, training method, or tank-top-wearing TikToker explaining why you’ve been doing triceps pushdowns wrong your entire life. Fortunately, the American College of Sports Medicine recently cut through the noise by synthesizing 137 systematic reviews involving more than 30,000 people, which is about as close to a current scientific consensus on resistance training as we’re likely to get. The conclusion is both reassuring and slightly boring: most sensible forms of resistance training work, whether they involve free weights, machines, or bands, and only a handful of programming variables consistently make a meaningful difference. Strength and muscle growth aren’t identical goals, so each responds to somewhat different factors, but the larger lesson is the same—the fundamentals and consistency matter enormously, while most of the techniques people argue about online sit much farther down the priority list.
🎬Action!
Train specifically for strength. Strength is partly about building bigger muscles, but it is also a skill: you become better at producing force in the movements you practice. If a stronger squat is the goal, you need to squat—not merely build bigger legs.
Lift heavy regularly. Use loads around 80% or more of your one-rep maximum—the heaviest weight you can lift once—for your main strength work. Not every exercise needs to be heavy; lighter accessory work still has value.
Use a full, controlled range of motion. Move through the largest range you can comfortably and safely control. “Full” means appropriate for your body, not forcing yourself into positions you cannot manage.
Perform multiple working sets. One set can improve strength, especially for beginners or when time is limited, but two or three sets provide more practice and a stronger training stimulus. Additional volume can help, but its benefits eventually diminish.
Train priority movements two or three times per week. Spreading your sets across several sessions generally produces higher-quality work than cramming everything into one workout. These sessions need not all be heavy; one might use the main lift and another a lighter variation.
Put your most important exercise first. Fatigue reduces the weight you can lift and the quality of your repetitions. If improving your squat or pull-ups matters most, perform that movement before less important exercises.
Build muscle with enough challenging, recoverable work. Muscle growth is simpler than social media makes it seem. The main objective is to expose each muscle to enough meaningful tension, recover, and repeat.
Accumulate sufficient weekly volume. Around 10 or more sets per muscle group per week generally produces greater growth, but this is a reference point rather than a universal prescription. If you are progressing with fewer sets, keep going; add volume only when progress genuinely stalls.
Make every set productive. More volume helps only when the intended muscle is effectively loaded, the sets are sufficiently challenging, and you can recover well enough to maintain that quality. Ten focused sets are more useful than fifteen careless ones.
Stop close to failure—not necessarily at failure. Taking every set to the point where another repetition is impossible does not appear to build more muscle than stopping a few reps short. Train hard, but don’t create fatigue merely for its own sake.
Control the lowering phase without obsessing over it. Eccentric training—the portion in which the muscle lengthens, such as lowering a dumbbell—can build muscle, but newer evidence does not clearly show that eccentric-only training is superior. Controlled repetitions are enough; exaggeratedly slow negatives are unnecessary.
Treat advanced methods as optional tools. Free weights, machines, and bands can all build muscle. Drop sets, cluster sets, complicated periodization, and other advanced techniques may add variety, but none replaces consistent, challenging training.
Combine strength and muscle work in a simple routine. Most people want some combination of greater strength and more muscle, and the two goals can fit comfortably within the same workout.
Begin with one or two priority lifts. Choose exercises that are easy to load and progress over time, such as a squat, chest press, or shoulder press. Perform two or three sets of roughly four to six repetitions for your strength-focused work.
Follow with muscle-building exercises. Add three or four exercises that effectively target the muscles you want to develop. Moderate-to-high repetition ranges and isolation exercises work well here because they let you train close to failure without requiring extremely heavy loads.
Progress gradually. Over time, perform more repetitions with the same weight, lift more weight for the same repetitions, or combine the two. Keep the program simple enough to repeat consistently—then rinse and repeat forever.

We Need Guidelines for Learning and AI
Scott H. Young
🔦Lights, Camera, ...
AI has made this both the best and worst of times for learning: it can act as a cheap, endlessly patient tutor, yet it can also complete the very work through which learning happens. Like autopilot, the technology itself isn’t the problem—overdependence is. An experienced pilot can use automation while retaining the ability to fly; likewise, an expert can use AI to work faster because they understand and can evaluate its output, while a beginner who outsources the fundamentals may never build that judgment. Yet unaided struggle isn’t always productive either: when a task overwhelms our working memory, a worked example, timely hint, or clear explanation can help us learn faster than continued floundering. The challenge, then, is not deciding whether AI belongs in education, but establishing where it belongs within the learning process: it can help us understand what to do and evaluate how we did, but it cannot replace the essential practice of doing it ourselves.
🎬Action!
Do the work you want to learn. AI can support the learning process, but it cannot replace it. If a chatbot completes an entire task for you, you may get the result, but you won’t develop the underlying skill.
Make your first attempt without AI. Try to solve the problem or shape the idea yourself before asking for help. This is especially important in creative work: asking AI to begin an essay, for example, can anchor your thinking before you’ve had the chance to form your own judgment, choose a direction, or decide what is worth exploring.
Make your final attempt without AI, too. If a genuine attempt leaves you stuck, use AI for a hint, explanation, or worked example rather than continuing to flounder. Then put the help away and tackle another similar problem—or revise the original—from scratch. Learning happens when you can apply the lesson independently.
Use AI to broaden your thinking. Once you have formed your own initial view, ask AI to suggest alternative approaches, competing arguments, or resources you may have missed. Its breadth can help surface useful methods, books, papers, and ideas without replacing your own thinking.
Use AI to diagnose confusion and mistakes. After completing an attempt, use AI as a source of feedback. Ask it to identify gaps in your reasoning, explain errors, compare your approach with a stronger one, and clarify concepts you misunderstood—not simply to hand you a replacement answer.
TOOL TIP
The Hype Literacy Toolkit: A free course from DW Akademie designed to help reporters, and anyone who writes about or regularly consumes tech news, critically unpack hype cycles. Who’s driving the narrative? Whose interests are being served? How does the hype shape public expectations of the future? A handy resource whether you cover AI and emerging technology or simply want to better understand the stories competing for your attention each day.
FUN FACT
We've only explored 0.001 per cent of the ocean floor. We have more detailed maps of the Moon than the deep seafloor. Out of a total area of more than 335 million square kilometres (around 129.3 million square miles), scientists have explored less than 0.001 per cent – roughly the same as Rhode Island, the smallest US state.
If you’ve found value in what I share, buying me a coffee is a great way to say “thanks” and help me keep doing what I love. Every bit of support helps me spend more time creating useful, thoughtful content for you. Thanks for being here—it means a lot! 🙏
If you enjoyed today's newsletter, please share it with your friends and family!
If this email was forwarded to you, consider subscribing to receive them in future!
What'd you think of today's edition?
Disclaimer: The information provided in this newsletter is for informational purposes only and is not intended as medical advice. Please consult a medical professional for advice, diagnosis, or treatment. We are not liable for any risks or issues that may arise from using this information.
